Answer:
f(x) - 1
Step-by-step explanation:
guess one question will not hurt your grade.
Answer:
f(x + 1)
Step-by-step explanation:
shift a function to left n unit, add inside the function's argument: f (x + n) gives f (x) shifted n units to the left
f(x) + 1 will shift the function upward 1 unit
